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The 28th Infantry Division ("Keystone"〔) is a unit of the Army National Guard and is the oldest division-sized unit in the armed forces of the United States.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=28th Infantry Division (Mechanized) )〕 Some of the units of the division can trace their lineage to Benjamin Franklin's battalion, ''The Pennsylvania Associators'' (1747-1777).〔(Pennsylvania National Guard (published Sep 19, 2012), "28th Infantry Division Change-of-Command Ceremony" ) minute 1:10/3:53〕 The division was officially established in 1879 and was later redesignated as the 28th Division in 1917, after the entry of America into the First World War. It is today part of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard, Maryland Army National Guard, Ohio Army National Guard, and New Jersey Army National Guard. It was originally nicknamed the "Keystone Division," as it was formed from units of the Pennsylvania Army National Guard; Pennsylvania being known as the "Keystone State". During World War II, it acquired the nickname the "Bloody Bucket" division by German forces during the Second World War due to its red insignia. But today the 28th Infantry Division goes by the name given to it by General Pershing during World War I: "Iron Division". The 28th is the first Army National Guard division to field the Stryker infantry fighting vehicle, as part of the Army's reorganization in the first decade of the 2000s. The 28th is also one of the most decorated infantry divisions in the United States Army. ==Creation== On 12 March 1879, Governor Henry Hoyt signed General Order Number One appointing Maj. Gen. John F. Hartranft as the first division commander of the National Guard of Pennsylvania.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=28th Infantry Division )〕 From 11–18 August 1894, Camp Samuel W. Crawford was the "Division Encampment at Gettysburg". The division was mustered into service for the Spanish–American War in 1898.〔Turner Publishing, 20–21.〕 Pennsylvania was initially levied 10,800 men, in ten infantry regiments and four artillery batteries. The entire division was mustered into service between 6 May and 22 July, and while 8,900 men had assembled at Mount Gretna for the muster parade on 28 April 1898, there was no difficulty in raising 12,000 men for service in two and a half months. However, only the 4th, 10th, and 16th Regiments, three artillery batteries, and three cavalry troops were deployed, to Puerto Rico. The 10th Regiment was then sent to the Philippines, being ordered home on 30 June 1899. The division was called up to respond to labor disturbances in 1877 and 1900. In 1914 the division was designated the 7th Division as part of a broad reorganization of the National Guard.〔Wilson, Maneuver and Firepower〕 On 29 June 1916 the 7th Division was mustered into service at Mount Gretna and deployed to El Paso, Texas, to serve along the Mexican border as the Regular Punitive Expedition entered Mexico.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=28th Infantry Division )〕〔(Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades ), 28th Div〕 Major General Charles M. Clement commanded, directing the First Brigade comprising the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd Regiments, the Second Brigade the 10th, 16th, and 18th Regiments, and the Third Brigade the 4th, 6th, and 8th Regiments.〔28th Infantry (Keystone) Division: Mechanized: 125 Years of Service, Turner Publishing, 26.〕 There was also a regiment of cavalry and one of artillery, plus two companies of signals troops and medical units. The camp outside El Paso gained the title 'Camp Stewart' after the Adjutant General, Thomas J. Stewart. On 19 September, one brigade was sent home. On 14 November, the 1st Artillery left for home; the 18th Infantry left for Pennsylvania on 18 December; and the remainder of the division between 2–19 January 1917. It appears that most of the division was Mustered out of service 23 February 1917 at Philadelphia. The remnant left on the border included the 8th and 13th Regiments, the newly formed 3rd Artillery and Company C of the Engineers.〔 They were released from active service in March 1917. However, the callup process for World War I was underway as these units left the border. The 13th Regiment began its return home from Texas on 21 March 1917, but en route, were told that their mustering-out orders had been rescinded. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「28th Infantry Division (United States)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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